Elevated recapping behaviour and reduced Varroa destructor reproduction in natural Varroa resistant Apis mellifera honey bees from the UK

Abstract Varroa destructor mites remain a major threat to Apis mellifera honey bees, yet many populations across the world have naturally evolved survivorship infestation. Here, we investigated roles of recapping and mite reproduction in natural resistant (NVR) colonies UK. Recapping frequency was higher NVR targeted mite-infested cells which recapped diameters were larger. Mite lower due increased offspring mortality, although is unlikely primary mechanism responsible. In an additional small experiment, infested brood removal immediately present naïve colonies, rapidly following initial exposure. Targeted behaviour common trait may provide useful indicator for resistance. addition, reduced key resistance UK, as also found Europe, S. Africa, Brazil Mexico.